Animal Testing

2 /2 of 134 DIMDI : AnimAlt-ZEBET (ZT00 (c ) BfR (ZEBET ) 2008ND :ZEBET203MNR :203LR :29 .06 .2007SH :ImmunologyTitle :Production of antibodies by IgY engineering in the crank addicts yolk of cowardlyLanguage :englishUT :IgY ZEBET animal experiments animal test alternatives animal theatrical fiber alternatives animal welfargon antibodies antibodies , avian antibodies , icteric antibodies , monoclonal antibodies , polyclonal antibody proceeds bleed bleeding realize blood-letting volaille ducks clod yolk goats ginzo pigs hens hens , laying horses immunisation immunization , DNA immunization , motionless immune serum globulin Y immune serum globulins immunology mice scarper of animals pharmacy production , antibody pikas rats simplification tincture sheep strains , inbred vaccination veterinary medicine yolkEV : drop-off ,RefinementSTA :Scientific AcceptanceVOR :Not hold in for regulatory purposesAB :BACKGROUNDPolyclonal antibodies are usually obtained from rabbits , only excessively from mice , rats and guinea fowl pigs , and larger amounts from sheep , goats and horses . Two invasive procedures are generally crucial for polyclonal antibody production , both of which cause distress and pain to the animals . eldest , the animals have to be injected with the pertinent antigen to induce activation of the loathsome system the initial immunisation is usually followed by paladin injections . Some time ulterior blood is collected to pound and purify the desired antibodies . In contrast , isolation of antibodies from madams does non subscribe sampling of bloodMETHODIn immunised chicken hens , the kinetics of particular(prenominal) antibody generation are comparable to that of rabbits . However , a pregnant portion of the produced antibodies is transferred from the blood serum to the egg . Between 50 to snow mg immunoglobulin tail be isolate from the egg yolk containing up to 10 mg of particularized antibody . but , procedures for isolation from egg yolk are simple(a) (e .g . Schade et al , 1996 and 2005 .

Chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin is phylogenetically perspicuous from mammalian immunoglobulin immunoglobulin G it is thusly called IgYPolyclonal IgY antibodies can be employ in the same modal value as IgG antibodies but offer advantages in term of particular propositionity , cross-reactivity and sensitivity permitting the use for limited applications . When using chicken , a higher character of specific antibody against mammalian antigen can be produced , especially when the antigen is a exceedingly conserved protein (e .g . Calzado et al , 2001 . In addition , chicken IgY does non bind to complement nor to charitable or bacterial Fc receptors and does non cross-react with mammalian IgG (see review by Schade et al 2005 . more recently , the so-called IgY technology has been used to catch gene-specific antibodies for nosology and drug discovery (e .g . Zhang , 2003 Cova 2005 . otherwise bird species providing IgY for question and symptomatic purposes include quails and breeding ducks (e .g Cova , 2005CONCLUSIVE REVIEWIsolation of polyclonal antibodies from bird eggs constitutes a refinement rule compared with traditional approaches establish on extracting blood from mammals . Because a single chicken or duck egg contains as much antibody as an mean(a) bleed from a rabbit , this simple , economical non-invasive method may also forestall the killing of laboratory animals in some instances . avian antibodies (IgY ) can be used for a wide redact of applications...If you call for to get a broad(a) essay, order it on our website: Orderessay

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